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In English poetry substitution, also known as inversion, is the use of an alien metric foot in a line of otherwise regular metrical pattern. For instance in an iambic line of "da DUM", a trochaic substitution would introduce a foot of "DUM da". ==Trochaic substitution== In a line of verse that normally employs iambic meter, trochaic substitution describes the replacement of an iamb by a trochee. The following line from John Keats' ''To Autumn'' is straightforward iambic pentameter: :To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells Using '°' for a weak syllable, '/' for a strong syllable, and '|' for divisions between feet it can be represented as: The opening of a sonnet by John Donne demonstrates trochaic substitution of the first foot ("Batter"): Donne uses an inversion (DUM da instead of da DUM) in the first foot of the first line to stress the key verb, "batter", and then sets up a clear iambic pattern with the rest of the line Shakespeare's Hamlet includes a well-known example: ''To be, or not to be: that is the question:'' Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer ''The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Here, ''that'' is emphasized rather than ''is'', which would be a wrenched, or unnatural accent. The first syllable of ''Whether'' is also stressed, making it a trochaic beginning. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Substitution (poetry)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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